{"id":8743,"date":"2026-08-13T09:43:44","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T01:43:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yantaisensor.com\/?p=8743"},"modified":"2026-09-15T17:27:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T09:27:13","slug":"pyranometer-vs-radiation-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yantaisensor.com\/vi\/blog\/pyranometer-vs-radiation-sensor","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng (Pyranometer) so v\u1edbi C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (PV), t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Trong gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng (pyranometer) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111o, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eadt x\u1ea1 k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV v\u00e0 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadt x\u1ea1 k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00e3y xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eadt x\u1ea1 k\u1ebf silicon<\/mark><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u01b0u<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"M\u00e1y<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng (Pyranometer) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng (pyranometer)<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Ph\u00e9p \u0111o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng watt tr\u00ean m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (W\/m\u00b2). Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (thermopile). Khi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111i qua v\u00f2m k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (PV), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tr\u1ea1m kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (PR) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"chi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"thi\u1ebft<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng watt tr\u00ean m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (W\/m\u00b2), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111o v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, photodiode silicon ho\u1eb7c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n (photovoltaic reference cell) \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, quan tr\u1eafc kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi TBQ-2C<\/a>, C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y<\/a>, v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n PV RYQ-3<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"C\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"XF500S-CWB<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"RYQ-3<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng (Pyranometer) so v\u1edbi C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, trong khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/td>M\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/td>M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td><\/tr>
Danh m\u1ee5c<\/td>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td>M\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/td>Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, silicon ho\u1eb7c photodiode<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (W\/m\u00b2)<\/td>C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (W\/m\u00b2)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n<\/td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>Nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td><\/tr>
Chi ph\u00ed<\/td>Cao h\u01a1n<\/td>D\u1ea3i \u0111o linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tr\u1ea1m kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"c\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng so v\u1edbi C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (PV), v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e0n PV. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o, d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4-\u0111un, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"XF500L\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (PR)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/a> (PR) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 PR ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ea3ng (POA) \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb POA \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin PV nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf g\u00f3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t pyranometer ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cung c\u1ea5p tham chi\u1ebfu b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, pyranometer c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cosine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khi g\u00f3c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"C\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"C\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng PV kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa pyranometer v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng PV kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, pyranometer c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean silicon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, pyranometer chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, quan tr\u1eafc kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 thi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng: Pyranometer so v\u1edbi C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 pyranometer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, trong khi pyranometer chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (PR), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Pyranometer chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 9060, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 phi tuy\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c pyranometer c\u1ea5p cao cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, x\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV, c\u00e1c pyranometer c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cosine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, trong \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c pyranometer chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cosine \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo m\u00f9a. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cosine \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec g\u00f3c t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, pyranometer th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PV y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ea3ng (POA) ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Pyranometer v\u00e0 C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa pyranometer v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec pyranometer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c pyranometer c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n PR v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xem x\u00e9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pyranometer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ISO 9060, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Khi c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, c\u00e1c pyranometer c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean silicon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i, m\u01b0a, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 giao di\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 RS485, Modbus RTU v\u00e0 4\u201320mA cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng SCADA v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1eeb xa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"thi\u1ebft<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"C\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pyranometer v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau trong m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Pyranometer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, trong khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV, tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng PV kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n PV ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n