{"id":9041,"date":"2026-08-28T14:41:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T06:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yantaisensor.com\/?p=9041"},"modified":"2026-08-28T15:00:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T07:00:51","slug":"solar-measurement-accuracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yantaisensor.com\/vi\/blog\/solar-measurement-accuracy","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0110o B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n PV quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m quan tr\u1eafc th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ISO 9060, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"SAUT<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u1ec7<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c C\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9p \u0110o B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi N\u00ean \u1ede M\u1ee9c N\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, trong khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110o L\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng Theo D\u00f5i M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/mark><\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u GHI, DNI ho\u1eb7c DHI d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. C\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111o nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cosine, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 GHI ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ea3ng (POA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ISO 9060 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m S\u00e1t Kh\u00ed T\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u01afu ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"c\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u G\u00ec Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c \u0110o N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t PV d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111o ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y: Sai l\u1ea7m trong \u0110o N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: C\u00e1c L\u1ed7i Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/mark><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nghi\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng nhau thay v\u00ec r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng (pyranometer), c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1ea5p, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng, h\u00e3y xem M\u00e1y \u0110o B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 T\u1ed5ng (Pyranometer) L\u00e0 G\u00ec v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Truy Xu\u1ea5t Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o tham chi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u0169ng n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sau khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee8ng Cosine v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee8ng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi g\u00f3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cosine, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng khi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf g\u00f3c l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n, khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam sai s\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o m\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf g\u00f3c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn theo ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c theo m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u0169ng n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, m\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. V\u00ec c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 xem x\u00e9t ph\u1ea1m vi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng danh ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. M\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (pyranometer) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ngang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u00f3ng che ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 POA, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PV \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, trong khi ph\u00e9p \u0111o GHI y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tham chi\u1ebfu ngang. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i, c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e0n pin. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. B\u1ee5i, ph\u1ea5n hoa, c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i, tuy\u1ebft, s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1, s\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i, ven bi\u1ec3n, tuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"SAUT<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"SAUT<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"SAUT<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o. Hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u00b12% kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ph\u00e9p \u0111o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, b\u00f3ng che, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u2260 \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u2260 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, h\u00e3y nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u201cM\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng (Pyranometer) l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/mark><\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"tr\u1ea1m<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ISO 9060<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ISO 9060 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ISO 9060:2018<\/mark><\/a> cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (pyranometer), vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng (offset), \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 phi tuy\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ISO 9060 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u1ea5p A = \u00b11%\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cC\u1ea5p B = \u00b12%.\u201d C\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 cho bi\u1ebft thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u1ea5p do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5p A, C\u1ea5p B v\u00e0 C\u1ea5p C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ISO 9060 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ea5p A \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t, trong khi C\u1ea5p B v\u00e0 C\u1ea5p C cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ee9c sai s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb C\u1ea5p A v\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng PV v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u1ea5p B khi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong khi C\u1ea5p C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>M\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chung<\/td>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
C\u1ea5p A<\/td>Highest performance category<\/td>Solar resource assessment, research, high-quality irradiance monitoring, demanding PV applications<\/td><\/tr>
Class B<\/td>Intermediate performance category<\/td>Routine PV monitoring, meteorological stations, general solar radiation measurement<\/td><\/tr>
Class C<\/td>Basic performance category<\/td>General-purpose monitoring and applications with less demanding data requirements<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How to Choose the Right ISO 9060 Class?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Start with the measurement purpose, not the sensor class. If the data will be used to characterize solar resources, support bankable project studies, compare long-term irradiance data, or evaluate PV performance where measurement quality is critical, a higher-performance Class A instrument may be appropriate. For routine operational monitoring, weather stations, and applications where moderate measurement performance is sufficient, Class B may provide a more practical balance between performance and cost. Class C should be considered when the measurement objective does not require tighter performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The class is only the first filter. Before purchasing, check the specific performance characteristics relevant to the site and measurement parameter, along with calibration uncertainty, traceability, temperature response, directional response, non-stability, installation requirements, environmental protection, and maintenance needs. A Class B sensor with appropriate calibration and a well-controlled installation can be more suitable for a particular project than a higher-class instrument that is poorly matched to the application or operating environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Ng\u00e0nh<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What Accuracy Do Different Solar Applications Need?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The required solar measurement accuracy depends mainly on how the irradiance data will be used. Solar resource assessment and high-quality PV performance monitoring generally require stronger control of sensor performance, calibration, and long-term stability, while routine meteorological, agricultural, and general monitoring can use a more application-specific approach. The goal is not to select the highest-rated sensor in every case, but to choose a measurement system that provides sufficient data quality for the intended purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/td>Solar measurement accuracy Priority<\/td>Recommended Approach<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td>R\u1ea5t cao<\/td>High-performance sensor with reliable calibration and traceability<\/td><\/tr>
Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t PV<\/td>Cao<\/td>Appropriate ISO 9060 class matched to the monitoring requirements<\/td><\/tr>
Utility-Scale PV Monitoring<\/td>Cao<\/td>Standard-compliant sensor and measurement setup<\/td><\/tr>
Theo d\u00f5i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/td>Medium\u2013High<\/td>Sensor selected according to the required observation quality<\/td><\/tr>
Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>Fit-for-purpose accuracy with good outdoor stability<\/td><\/tr>
General Solar Monitoring<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>Balanced solution based on accuracy, reliability, and cost<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Main Specifications to Compare When Selecting a Solar Radiation Sensor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When selecting a solar radiation sensor, buyers should compare more than the advertised accuracy value. The most relevant specifications describe how the sensor performs under different irradiance levels, solar angles, temperatures, spectral conditions, and long-term outdoor operation. Calibration information and data output should also be checked to ensure the sensor can be integrated and maintained properly within the measurement system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>T\u1ea1i Sao N\u00f3 Quan Tr\u1ecdng<\/td><\/tr>
Calibration & Uncertainty<\/td>Shows how the sensor response is established and how reliably the measurement can be traced to a reference standard.<\/td><\/tr>
Non-Stability<\/td>Indicates how sensor performance changes over time, which matters for long-term monitoring.<\/td><\/tr>
Non-Linearity<\/td>Shows whether the sensor maintains consistent response across its measurement range.<\/td><\/tr>
Directional Response<\/td>Determines how accurately the sensor measures radiation at different solar angles.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>Indicates how temperature changes can affect sensor output in outdoor conditions.<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5<\/td>Shows how the sensor responds across the solar spectrum and affects measurement consistency under changing atmospheric conditions.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Gi\u1ea3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"C\u1ea3m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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How to Improve Solar Radiation Measurement Accuracy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Improving solar measurement accuracy is not simply a matter of choosing a sensor with a tighter specification. In a field installation, the sensor, calibration, mounting, environmental conditions, maintenance, and data acquisition system all contribute to the final measurement result. A practical approach is to match the instrument to the measurement objective first, then control the factors that can introduce additional error during operation.If you would like to learn more, click on \u201cL\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Theo d\u00f5i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong \u0110o B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/mark><\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Select the Right Sensor and Calibration Level<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sensor selection should start with the parameter being measured\u2014such as GHI, DHI, DNI, or POA irradiance\u2014and the data quality required by the project. ISO 9060 classification provides a useful basis for comparing pyranometer performance, but buyers should also review calibration uncertainty, non-stability, directional response, temperature response, and spectral characteristics. For DNI measurements, the pyrheliometer and tracking system need to be considered as one measurement setup rather than as separate components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calibration records are equally important. A suitable calibration certificate should identify the calibration method, reference standard, traceability, and applicable uncertainty. For long-term monitoring, the expected calibration interval and the sensor’s stability over time should also be considered. A high-performance sensor with clear traceability provides a stronger basis for comparing data between sites and identifying changes in measurement performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Install and Maintain the Sensor Correctly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Even a well-calibrated sensor can produce poor field data if it is installed incorrectly. The sensor should be properly leveled and securely mounted, with the installation orientation matched to the measurement objective. The site should also be checked for shading, reflected radiation, nearby obstructions, and other conditions that can affect the sensor’s exposure to the sky. For long-term outdoor stations, the mounting structure must remain stable throughout seasonal temperature and weather changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Routine maintenance is part of solar measurement accuracy, not just equipment care. Dust, pollen, bird droppings, dew, frost, and condensation can change the optical response of the sensor surface. Inspection and cleaning should therefore follow the site’s environmental conditions rather than a fixed schedule alone. In areas with frequent condensation, frost, or heavy soiling, appropriate ventilation, heating, or environmental protection may be necessary to keep measurements usable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitor Data Quality Over the Operating Period<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Reliable solar measurements also require attention to the data acquisition chain. The sensor output, cable connections, data logger, power supply, sampling interval, and data processing should be checked as part of the measurement system. Sudden offsets, unrealistic values, flat-line data, or unusual differences from nearby reference measurements can indicate problems that may not be visible from the sensor itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For long-term PV monitoring and solar resource assessment, periodic data validation is particularly useful. Comparing the sensor with a suitable reference instrument, reviewing long-term trends, and retaining calibration and maintenance records can help distinguish real changes in irradiance from measurement problems. This is often more valuable in practice than relying on the sensor’s nominal accuracy figure alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How to Choose a Solar Radiation Sensor for Your Project?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The first step is to define what needs to be measured and how the data will be used. GHI, DHI, DNI, POA irradiance, and albedo are not interchangeable measurements, and each may require a different sensor configuration. For example, GHI and POA measurements normally use a pyranometer, while DNI measurement requires a pyrheliometer with a suitable tracking system. The required measurement interval and whether the data will be used for resource assessment, PV performance analysis, research, or general monitoring should also be established before comparing sensor models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once the measurement objective is clear, compare the specifications that have a direct effect on the quality of the intended data. ISO 9060 classification provides a useful starting point, but the individual performance characteristics should still be reviewed, particularly when measurements will be used for long-term analysis or project verification. Calibration documentation, traceability, spectral response, directional response, temperature response, and long-term stability can reveal differences between instruments that are not obvious from a single solar measurement accuracy figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The final decision should also account for the actual installation and operating environment. A sensor installed at a dusty utility-scale PV site may require different protection and maintenance provisions from one used in a controlled research station. Output type and data logger compatibility should be confirmed before purchase, especially for systems using RS485, Modbus, or other digital interfaces. For long-term projects, replacement parts, cleaning requirements, calibration arrangements, and technical support are practical considerations that can affect the reliability and total cost of the measurement system over several years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Good solar measurement is not simply about choosing a sensor with the highest accuracy rating. The right choice depends on what you need to measure, how the data will be used, and the conditions where the sensor will operate. A sensor that works well for a general weather station may not be the right choice for long-term PV performance monitoring or solar resource assessment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In actual projects, sensor class, calibration, installation, environmental conditions, tracking, maintenance, and data checking all have a role in the final data quality. Paying attention to these details from the beginning can help reduce avoidable measurement errors and make the collected data more consistent and useful over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yantai Sensor provides solar radiation measurement solutions for PV monitoring, meteorological observation, solar resource assessment, and other outdoor applications. We can help match the sensor type, performance level, and measurement configuration to your project requirements. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/mark><\/a> to discuss the right solar radiation measurement solution for your application.<\/p>\n\n\n